Expected Outcome:Project results are expected to contribute to some of the following expected outcomes:
Security of supply, long-term availability, accessibility and strategic autonomy from 2030-35 onwards of High Assay Low Enriched Uranium (HALEU) fuel and targets[1], in metallic form, which are at an increasing risk due to the current geopolitical circumstances and the growing uncertainties over delivery capacities from outside the EU beyond 2030.To support the EU’s production capability and long-term supply of HALEU for European research reactors and the production of medical radioisotopes[2].To contribute to addressing key challenges of Horizon Europe missions and EU priorities in the energy and health sectors and recommendations from the Advisory Committee of the Euratom Supply Agency among others on Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan, the implementation of the Strategic Agenda for Medical Ionising Radiation Applications (SAMIRA) and REPowerEU[3] for a more affordable, secure and sustainable energy supply.Implementing the requirements of the Nuclear Safety Directive and improving the sharing of short- to long-term best practices between the European nuclear industry, re...
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Expected Outcome:Project results are expected to contribute to some of the following expected outcomes:
Security of supply, long-term availability, accessibility and strategic autonomy from 2030-35 onwards of High Assay Low Enriched Uranium (HALEU) fuel and targets[1], in metallic form, which are at an increasing risk due to the current geopolitical circumstances and the growing uncertainties over delivery capacities from outside the EU beyond 2030.To support the EU’s production capability and long-term supply of HALEU for European research reactors and the production of medical radioisotopes[2].To contribute to addressing key challenges of Horizon Europe missions and EU priorities in the energy and health sectors and recommendations from the Advisory Committee of the Euratom Supply Agency among others on Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan, the implementation of the Strategic Agenda for Medical Ionising Radiation Applications (SAMIRA) and REPowerEU[3] for a more affordable, secure and sustainable energy supply.Implementing the requirements of the Nuclear Safety Directive and improving the sharing of short- to long-term best practices between the European nuclear industry, research organisations, universities, technical support organisations, the European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group and the Western European Nuclear Regulators Association to one day build a metal HALEU production facility; thereby committing to maintaining and developing critical competencies in relevant technologies influenced by an uncertain geopolitical context, industrial know-how and competitiveness, and the high safety standards already achieved within the EU. Scope:To reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation, EU Member States are strongly committed to the principle of minimisation of highly enriched uranium, with the objective of converting research reactors and radioisotope production targets to high-assay low-enriched (19.75%) uranium (HALEU).
HALEU is currently exclusively supplied from outside the EU, with Russia one of the main suppliers. Apart from its use in research reactors and for the production of radioisotopes, HALEU is also attracting interest in the development of fuel systems for advanced and innovative reactor systems, including small modular reactors, and nuclear-powered space exploration. With higher enrichment, longer fuel cycles become possible and fast reactor systems are more readily deployable.
In line with this political commitment, EU research reactors have been actively working towards this conversion as soon as technically and economically feasible. Several EU research reactors and radioisotope production facilities have already successfully made the transition to HALEU, while others have ongoing conversion projects.
Maintaining sovereign know-how and rebuilding some strategic capabilities in the production of HALEU metal will be essential for the EU for the decades to come, given the scale of the associated challenges in the geostrategic, climate and resource management fields. In particular, at a time when the EU is seeking to guarantee its strategic autonomy in critical sectors, these capabilities will help secure the EU’s supply chains, including for medical radioisotopes. The EU must therefore explore alternatives to ensure the future availability of HALEU for its needs. Without any new initiative, the security of supply of this critically important material will be at risk after 2035.
This action should provide catalytic and leveraging support for a preparatory phase aiming at bringing the project to a level of maturity required to potentially enable construction work to start on the EU’s production capability. It should therefore cover all relevant outstanding issues in strategic planning, technical work, financial arrangements and financing mechanisms, project logistics and legal aspects.
The preparatory phase should aim at optimal coordination, cross-border operation and possible integration of national research actions of trans-European interest in the field. This might lead to the possible setting up or reinforcement of legal entities to achieve optimal cooperation and joint programming. The preparatory phase should aim to bring the initiatives emerging today in different fields to the level of managerial, legal and financial maturity required to implement them. Project consortia should involve all the stakeholders necessary to move the project forward, take decisions and make financial commitments before joint programmes can start (e.g. national or regional ministries or governments, research councils, funding agencies). Operators of research facilities, research centres, universities, industry and regulatory authorities should be involved where appropriate. During these activities, the Commission will act as a facilitator.
The preparatory phase should include:
Strategic work ex ante analysis of the socio-economic impact of the initiatives, taking the limits and long term benefits into account;plans to integrate the different national research initiatives in accordance with the EU objective of balanced territorial development whenever appropriate;creation or consolidation of centres of excellence or regional partner facilities. Management work planning in terms of coordination and integration of national efforts for a period of at least 10 years;recruitment plan (timing, resources) to manage the initiatives;organisation of logistic support for European research teams, including the setting up of the required e-infrastructure. Governance work: preparation of adequate decision-making and (separated) management structures, advisory bodies, intellectual property rights, access rules for researchers, etc.Financial work financial arrangements, possibly step by step, for the coordination and integration of national efforts following EU principles and the Financial Regulation;studying new mechanisms, for example pre-commercial procurement processes or support from EU structural funds or Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI), by which public authorities may develop new research & innovation approaches. Legal work identification of adequate legal structures for the setting up, construction and operation of the integrated or joint research programmes;drafting of intergovernmental agreements in the form of a ‘signature-ready’ document for the setting up and actual implementation of the initiatives. Technical work, whenever needed, such as: planning for the transfer of knowledge from existing prototypes or key enabling technologies developed at national level to the Euratom Community;adaptation of national research facilities ensuring their optimal exploitation by the beneficiary scientific communities at European level; additional research work can also be proposed, provided it helps meet the above objectives. After 2 years, a successful preparatory phase should lead to the implementation of joint programmes based on public-public and public-private partnerships, with increased efficiency and consistency as well as better visibility and attractiveness at global level.
[1] Euratom Supply Agency HALEU report, dated May 2019: https://euratom-supply.ec.europa.eu/document/download/12807835-097f-4f85-806e-f155722ffedc_en?filename=ESA_HALEU_report_2019.pdf , Euratom Supply Agency HALEU report dated May 2022, ESA HALEU report dated May 2022, ESA HALEU report dated May 2022: https://euratom-supply.ec.europa.eu/document/download/f639d7d8-1447-4834-bf27-861b860662c1_en?filename=HALEU%20report%20May%202022%20print.pdf
[2] European Observatory on the Supply of Medical Radioisotopes: https://euratom-supply.ec.europa.eu/index_en
[3] REPowerEU press release https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1511 and https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_22_3176 and COM/2022/230 final SWD https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2022%3A230%3AFIN&qid=1653033742483
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