Still Connected Evolutionary implications of the separation of the head from pe...
Still Connected Evolutionary implications of the separation of the head from pectoral girdle in tetrapods and their fish relatives
Separation of the shoulders from the head to create a functional neck was an important step in the conquest of land, as it is crucial for land-living vertebrates (tetrapods) to move their heads freely from the body. The origin and...
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Información proyecto GIRDLE EVO-DEVO
Líder del proyecto
NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
No se ha especificado una descripción o un objeto social para esta compañía.
TRL
4-5
Presupuesto del proyecto
174K€
Fecha límite de participación
Sin fecha límite de participación.
Descripción del proyecto
Separation of the shoulders from the head to create a functional neck was an important step in the conquest of land, as it is crucial for land-living vertebrates (tetrapods) to move their heads freely from the body. The origin and evolution of the neck is currently a research area of considerable interest, with in-depth molecular analysis performed in both the chicken and the mouse (derived tetrapods). What this research shows is that although the shoulders are freed from the head, they are still connected via a network of muscles, and that the development of these muscles is controlled by a specialised group of cells known as neural crest cells. However, comparative studies on this region in fish ancestors, lacking a functional neck, have not been performed. Did these features evolve in response to the separation of the head from the shoulders? Or, are the same muscles and developmental mechanisms present in fish ancestors lacking a neck (head and shoulders connected by a series of bones)? To answer these questions, we will study representatives of more primitive tetrapods and fish ancestors to the tetrapods, including the paddlefish, the Australian lungfish, and the Mexican axolotl. This research will be done in conjunction with project partners in the USA, Australia and Germany. In our experiments, we will use several different types of markers to track migration and development of muscles, neural crest cells, and the skull and shoulder girdle bones, and how these interact during early ontogeny. Our hypothesis is that the results in the muscle connectivity observed in the chicken and mouse will also be present in these fish and tetrapod ancestors, with the involvement of the same (homologous) muscles, and moreover, that neural crest cells will be involved in the development of these muscles and the bones to which they connect.