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AntiViralEvo

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Unravelling the evolution of antiviral sensors and response systems in animals u...

Unravelling the evolution of antiviral sensors and response systems in animals using the phylum Cnidaria Viruses are absolute parasites as their replication depends on biochemical systems of their host. Because viral infections reduce the fitness of the host organism, hosts and viruses have been tangled in an evolutionary arms race f... ver más

30/04/2025

THE HEBREW UNIVERS...

2M€

Presupuesto del proyecto: 2M€

Líder del proyecto

THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM No se ha especificado una descripción o un objeto social para esta compañía.

TRL 4-5

Fecha límite participación Sin fecha límite de participación.

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Financiación concedida El organismo H2020 notifico la concesión del proyecto el día 2020-01-30

ERC-2019-COG: ERC Consolidator Grant

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2 Participantes

THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JER...

2.00M€ | Lider

COBEGA

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Duración del proyecto: 63 meses Fecha Inicio: 2020-01-30
Fecha Fin: 2025-04-30

Líder del proyecto

THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM No se ha especificado una descripción o un objeto social para esta compañía.

TRL 4-5

Presupuesto del proyecto 2M€

Fecha límite de participación Sin fecha límite de participación.

Descripción del proyecto Viruses are absolute parasites as their replication depends on biochemical systems of their host. Because viral infections reduce the fitness of the host organism, hosts and viruses have been tangled in an evolutionary arms race for survival from the very beginning of life. As the immune system allows organisms to identify and eliminate viral infections, it is of pivotal importance for host fitness. In vertebrates, the antiviral immunity is heavily based on the interferon pathway that enables infected cells to alert neighbouring cells against incoming infection and recruits cells of the immune system to battle the virus. However, in the case of invertebrates, which lack interferons, the antiviral immunity is believed to be based mostly on an RNA interference (RNAi) that cleaves viral RNA. Until now, the recognition mechanism and mode of action of such systems were studied mostly in vertebrates, insects and nematodes. From this limited phyletic sampling, it is impossible to deduce what was the original mode of action of these systems in their last common ancestor and how antiviral immunity was triggered in early animals. To attain novel insights into the early evolution of this crucial system, I propose to study it in an outgroup: the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a representative model species of Cnidaria, a phylum that diverged approximately 600 million years ago from the rest of animals. Beyond its key phyletic position, Nematostella is a tractable lab model with available advanced molecular and gene manipulation tools making it an excellent comparative model. I will harness these tools to decipher the cnidarian system for battling RNA viruses and answer the outstanding questions regarding the evolution of antiviral immunity and its ancestral state in animals. My preliminary results put in question the textbook dichotomy between the antiviral immune systems of vertebrates and invertebrates as I find active components of both systems in Nematostella.

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