PREDICIENDO LA RESPUESTA DEL ECOSISTEMA PLANCTONICO AL CAMBIO CLIMATICO DEL SIGL...
PREDICIENDO LA RESPUESTA DEL ECOSISTEMA PLANCTONICO AL CAMBIO CLIMATICO DEL SIGLO 21 EN UN MODELO DEL OCEANO GLOBAL CON ADAPTACION MICROBIANA
MARINE MICROBES AND AMONG THEM PLANKTONIC PRIMARY PRODUCERS ARE KEY PLAYERS FOR THE ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING OF THE EARTH OCEANS. MICROBIAL PLANKTON MEDIATE THE CYCLING OF ELEMENTAL NUTRIENTS, THEY ARE THE BASIS OF THE FOOD WEB THAT...
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Descripción del proyecto
MARINE MICROBES AND AMONG THEM PLANKTONIC PRIMARY PRODUCERS ARE KEY PLAYERS FOR THE ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING OF THE EARTH OCEANS. MICROBIAL PLANKTON MEDIATE THE CYCLING OF ELEMENTAL NUTRIENTS, THEY ARE THE BASIS OF THE FOOD WEB THAT LEADS TO FISH PRODUCTION HARVESTED BY HUMAN SOCIETIES, AND THEY REGULATE THE ATMOSPHERIC CLIMATE BY FIXING CARBON DIOXIDE. THE FATE OF MICROBIAL PLANKTON COMMUNITIES UNDER EXPECTED FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS IS THUS AN AREA OF GREAT INTEREST FOR BOTH RESEARCHERS AND POLICY MAKERS. MOST OF OUR CURRENT PREDICTIONS OF THE OCEAN STATE IN THE FUTURE RELY ON COMPUTER SIMULATIONS WITH NUMERICAL MODELS THAT SIMULATE THE DYNAMICS OF MICROBIAL PLANKTON. THESE MODELS INCLUDE MOST OF THE MAJOR ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT AFFECT THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE SEA, SUCH AS THE UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS, THE HARVESTING OF SOLAR IRRADIANCE, THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RATES, AND THE PREDATION LOSSES DUE TO HIGHER TROPHIC LEVEL ZOOPLANKTON. SOME OF THE MOST STATE-OF-THE-ART GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM MODELS OF MICROBIAL PLANKTON CAN ALSO SIMULATE MANY DIFFERENT ECOTYPES COMPETING SIMULTANEOUSLY. HOWEVER, ALL THESE GLOBAL MODELS NEGLECT THE EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF MICROBIAL POPULATIONS WHICH ARE KNOWN TO ALLOW THEM TO ADAPT TO CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. THAT IS, THE CURRENT GENERATION OF GLOBAL OCEAN MODELS OF MICROBIAL PLANKTON ARE MISSING A REALLY CRITICAL KEY INGREDIENT AS IS THE ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF THE MICROBIAL ECOTYPES THEY ARE SIMULATING. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THESE ECOTYPES IN THE REAL OCEAN ARE NOT CONSTANT AS CURRENT MODELS ASSUME, BUT THEY CAN MUTATE IN TIME AT DECADAL SCALES. THEREFORE THE CURRENT PROJECTIONS OF MICROBIAL BIOGEOGRAPHY AND OCEAN STATE IN THE FUTURE CLIMATE MAY BE BIASED DUE TO THIS LACK OF ADAPTATION MECHANISMS OF THE SIMULATED MICROBES. GLOBAL OCEAN ECOSYSTEM MODELS SHOULD INCLUDE THE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (ECO-EVO) OF MICROBIAL PLANKTON TO ACCURATELY SIMULATE THE EXPECTED CHANGES IN THE PATTERNS OF DIVERSITY, COMMUNITY ASSEMBLY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING (I.E. PRODUCTIVITY, STABILITY) UNDER FUTURE GLOBAL WARMING CONDITIONS. THE GOMMA PROJECT WILL FOR THE FIRST TIME 1) INCLUDE ECO-EVO DYNAMICS IN A MODEL OF MICROBIAL PLANKTON AT THE GLOBAL OCEAN SCALE; 2) SIMULATE SEVERAL EVOLVING POPULATIONS WITH THE ECO-EVO MODEL, EACH OF THEM WITH ADAPTIVE CAPACITY ALONG A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FITNESS LANDSCAPE (NUTRIENTS, TEMPERATURE, IRRADIANCE); 3) SIMULATE THE ECO-EVOLUTIONARY TRAJECTORIES OF MICROBIAL PLANKTON TO THE FUTURE (2000 - 2100) USING SCENARIOS OF CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS: RCP 2.6 -- RCP 8.5 BUSINESS AS USUAL EMISSION SCENARIOS). ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING SUCH AS PRIMARY PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL CARBON PUMP, COMMUNITY TRAIT DIVERSITY, AND FOOD WEB STRUCTURE, WILL BE COMPUTED, ANALYSED AND COMPARED TO SIMULATIONS USING THE SAME MODEL WITHOUT ECO-EVO DYNAMICS. THE OVERARCHING GOAL IS TO EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL OF ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION TO IMPACT THE RESPONSE OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS TO CURRENT AND FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES. DAPTACION EVOLUTIVA\PLANCTON MICROBIANO\OCEANO GLOBAL\MODELIZACION DE ECOSISTEMAS
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