HORIZON EUROPE
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ExpectedOutcome:Fuel cells are known as the most efficient energy conversion outperforming conventional power sources. Hydrogen and natural gas-powered fuel cell systems have reached high-level technology readiness levels (TRL) and demonstrated reliable durability in operation. However, today’s roadblock preventing fuel cells from winning a greater share of the power market is the lack of availability of affordable, carbon free, and easily transportable fuel. Against this background ammonia shows huge potential as hydrogen carrier. Liquid ammonia - with twice as much hydrogen as liquid hydrogen by volume and carbon-free formulation – unleashes a new dimension in fuel cells applications. Ammonia as a fuel in fuel cells can provide a great impact on de-fossilisation in all power consuming sectors of the global economy. A use of ammonia for industrial business-to-business (B2B) prime power and long-term backup power production provides opportunity for further decrease of carbon dioxide emissions in regions having easy access to this fuel.
Project results are expected to contribute the following expected outcome:
support European industry across the whole val...
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ExpectedOutcome:Fuel cells are known as the most efficient energy conversion outperforming conventional power sources. Hydrogen and natural gas-powered fuel cell systems have reached high-level technology readiness levels (TRL) and demonstrated reliable durability in operation. However, today’s roadblock preventing fuel cells from winning a greater share of the power market is the lack of availability of affordable, carbon free, and easily transportable fuel. Against this background ammonia shows huge potential as hydrogen carrier. Liquid ammonia - with twice as much hydrogen as liquid hydrogen by volume and carbon-free formulation – unleashes a new dimension in fuel cells applications. Ammonia as a fuel in fuel cells can provide a great impact on de-fossilisation in all power consuming sectors of the global economy. A use of ammonia for industrial business-to-business (B2B) prime power and long-term backup power production provides opportunity for further decrease of carbon dioxide emissions in regions having easy access to this fuel.
Project results are expected to contribute the following expected outcome:
support European industry across the whole value chain in the development of the next generation power appliances utilising ammonia as a fuel; demonstration of high efficiency, fuel cell-based systems operated on ammonia as a means to provide new options for de-fossilisation of different energy sectors and facilitate establishing value chains between fuel cell industry and existing players in industrial markets; contribute to the decarbonisation of autonomous power systems operated on a liquid carbon-free fuel e.g. digital data transmission sector, such as telecom (5-15 kWe), communication support for critical infrastructures (up to 5 kWe), energy supply (up to 10 kWe) for early warning systems (i.e. hazardous climate-related event transmitters. These market opportunities represent a suitable stepping stone to deploy fuel cell systems with high efficient energy conversion rate of ammonia fuel to power within a reasonable timeframe; Set the basis for the development of large power generators in the 100 kW and MW scale for e.g. harbours where ammonia is available as commodity already today. Green ammonia figures as a candidate to become the future standard fuels in maritime applications;Gain and transfer knowledge and experiences to the maritime providing sector. Project results are expected to directly contribute to all of the following objectives of the Clean Hydrogen JU SRIA Pillar 3, Hydrogen End Uses: Clean Heat and Power:
Prepare and demonstrate the next generation of fuel cells for stationary applications able to run under (renewable) hydrogen-rich fuels whilst keeping high performance; Target: Electrical efficiency of the system ≥50%; total system power degradation ≤3% at nominal power measured over at least 1,000 hours of continuous operation; availability of the system ≥90% during whole testing period gathering ≥3,000 operating hours; fuel cell system able to operate at partial loads; Fuel cells operating on alternative (renewable) fuels; Target: 5-15 kW fuel cell system operating with green ammonia including operation at partial load;New technologies and components to reduce costs and improve flexibility in operation. Target: fuel cell system costs ≤5,000 €/kWe for 100 MW annual production.
Scope:The scope of this topic is to design, manufacture and validate in relevant environmental an ammonia fuelled fuel cell system with a total electrical power output of 5-15 kWel. The system should operate for at least 3,000 hours and be also validated for operation at partial loads.
The system requires innovative scientific and engineering solutions. The focus of research may include innovative fuel cell design and should include BoP components and integrated ammonia cracker, safe and durable operation. For system development proposals may use available fuel cell technologies. Fuel cell manufacturers should be part of consortia.
Balance of plant (BoP) components needed for ammonia-driven fuel cells determine overall efficiency and durability of the system and should be designed taking into consideration the following requirements:
Ammonia cracker integration into the system without external power should allow a fully autonomous operation;System design and integration of BoP should enable to maximise heat recovery;System should demonstrate dynamic load and relevant operating conditions in respect to the intended application; Power consumption for internal needs should be minimised. Proposals should address the following:
System design and development utilising existing fuel cell manufacturing technologies;Development of ammonia-tolerant BoP components; Dynamic modelling of system performance;Identification of degradation mechanisms in fuel cells and BoP components (including ammonia purity and degree of ammonia cracking), and effect of operation parameters;Risk assessment of safety aspects in relation to the future certification of the system; Techno-economical assessment for a selected application;System operation / state of health monitoring;System operation with various grades of ammonia, including concentrations of ammonia in the feeding gas and impurities/contaminants;System dynamic load and transient behaviour according to the end-user load profile(s) for selected application(s). Consortia are expected to gather comprehensive expertise from the European research and industrial community. Participation of end user(s) for the selected system application is also expected.
Activities developing test protocols and procedures for the performance and durability assessment of electrolysers and fuel cell components proposals should foresee a collaboration mechanism with JRC (see section 2.2.4.3 "Collaboration with JRC"), in order to support EU-wide harmonisation. Test activities should adopt the already published EU harmonised testing protocols[1] to benchmark performance and quantify progress at programme level.
Activities are expected to start at TRL 3 and achieve TRL 5 by the end of the project.
The conditions related to this topic are provided in the chapter 2.2.3.2 of the Clean Hydrogen JU 2022 Annual Work Plan and in the General Annexes to the Horizon Europe Work Programme 2021–2022 which apply mutatis mutandis.
[1]https://www.clean-hydrogen.europa.eu/knowledge-management/collaboration-jrc-0_en
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